UNITED STATES—There are several pathways to legal immigration to the United States. These immigrant visas are based on different circumstances like employment, family ties and special immigrant categories. By understanding the process involved, you’ll know more about what you need to do to get started.

Employment Visa

Some people seek entry into the United States under a temporary worker visa. This requires an employer to sponsor you with an employment-based petition (Form I-129 or Form I-140). If it is approved, then you can apply for a visa at the U.S. embassy in your home country. There are temporary and permanent options available for people looking to live and work in the United States.

Family Ties Visa

A family ties visa is not a specific category. Rather, it is a general term for those looking for a family-based immigrant visa that allows current U.S. citizens to sponsor close relatives (such as a spouse, children under 21 and parents) to immigrate into the country. The process associated with these types of visas is often lengthy. In most situations, it is recommended that you work with an immigration attorney to make things run more smoothly.

Diversity Visa

A diversity visa has strict eligibility requirements and makes up a relatively small number of immigrant visas in the United States. There are only 50,000 of these available each year, and they are awarded through a lottery process. To qualify, you must be from a country that has low immigration rates to the United States. You must also have (at a minimum) a high school education or qualifying work experience. The selection process is completely random, and millions of people apply every year. Even if you are selected, it doesn’t guarantee you will receive a visa.

Special Immigrant Categories

Certain foreign nationals who have worked on behalf of the United States government may qualify for a special immigrant visa. Examples may include Afghan or Iraqi interpreters who have served for at least 15 years. These programs are established by the United States Congress and provide a legal path to gain permanent status in the U.S. for those who face credible threats in their home countries due to their services.

There are many other types of visas that are not listed here, as well. It’s important to select the right one when beginning the application process to avoid denials or delays.

How To Begin the Immigrant Visa Process

Although the process differs depending on the visa you are applying for, the following is a general outline of the steps involved:

  • File a petition – A sponsor must file a petition for the visa.
  • Processing – After approval, the case is sent to the National Visa Center.
  • Complete application – Gather relevant documents (financial and civil) and complete the online application.
  • Medical examination – Schedule a physical examination with an approved physician.
  • Attend the interview – Prepare to answer all questions and present your documentation.

At the end of this process, you will either receive a denial or an approval for your visa.

The visa application process can be long and confusing. However, by determining the type of visa you qualify for and hiring an attorney who understands the process, you can begin your journey towards achieving your immigration goals.